工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)(Industrial?Personal?Computer)通(tong)(tong)俗(su)的(de)(de)(de)說就是(shi)專門為工(gong)(gong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)場而設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)，工(gong)(gong)業(ye)電腦(nao)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)要惡劣，有(you)(you)些好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)品牌機(ji)確實能(neng)在相(xiang)同環境(jing)(jing)運行，或許還能(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，但不能(neng)保證長時間穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，很多(duo)工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在無(wu)人區(qu)，是(shi)不允(yun)許有(you)(you)任(ren)何錯誤的(de)(de)(de)，穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)高于性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)在電子元件的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)料(liao)上就要不同于普(pu)通(tong)(tong)商(shang)務電腦(nao)，也是(shi)成(cheng)本差別(bie)。市場面也不同，工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)接口需求(qiu)在現(xian)(xian)在家用(yong)(yong)(yong)電腦(nao)上有(you)(you)些已經被(bei)淘汰，而工(gong)(gong)業(ye)電腦(nao)則需求(qiu)而且(qie)(qie)超常(chang)規。系統架構不全相(xiang)同，只是(shi)工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)做了(le)某些特殊設計(ji)保持了(le)其與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)商(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)硬件互換(huan)性(xing)(xing)。工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)在可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)、穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)、耐候性(xing)(xing)、抗震性(xing)(xing)、防(fang)水防(fang)塵(chen)性(xing)(xing)、抗干(gan)擾性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)擴(kuo)展性(xing)(xing)、EMC兼容性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等(deng)方面肯定(ding)(ding)要優(you)于商(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)，元器件多(duo)是(shi)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)級甚至部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軍用(yong)(yong)(yong)級的(de)(de)(de)，這樣才能(neng)適應工(gong)(gong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)場環境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)現(xian)(xian)場一(yi)般具(ju)有(you)(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)震動(dong)，灰塵(chen)特別(bie)多(duo)，另(ling)有(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)(de)電磁(ci)場力干(gan)擾等(deng)特點，且(qie)(qie)一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)廠均(jun)是(shi)連續作(zuo)業(ye)即一(yi)年中一(yi)般沒有(you)(you)休息。因此，工(gong)(gong)控機(ji)與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)相(xiang)比(bi)必須(xu)具(ju)有(you)(you)以下(xia)特點：

      1)機箱采用鋼結構，有較高的防磁、防塵、防沖擊的能力。
      2)機箱內有專用底板，底板上有PCI和ISA插槽。
      3)機箱內有專門電源，電源有較強的抗干擾能力。
      4)要求具有連續長時間工作能力。
      5)一般采用便于安裝的標準機箱(4U標準機箱較為常見)